Association between serum TNF-α level with the incidence of metastases in women with breast cancer in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Indonesia

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the most common in women. The occurrence of metastasis breast should be detected early. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) involved every step carcinogenesis process. A rise TNF-α level linked to advancement cancer. We aimed determine association between levels and metastases. Methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on women with treated at Oncology Surgery Center November 2021 April 2022. patient's data were collected from medical record, including age, menopausal status, tumor size lymph node involvement, subtype. serum measured using ELISA. optimal cut-off value determined receiver operating characteristics analysis. incidence metastases analyzed SPSS version 26 for Windows. Results: a total 50 patients. mean age 48.8 ± 8.3 years. divided into high-TNF-α low-TNF-α 22.755 pg/mL. There 27 patients (27/50; 54.0%) high 23 (23/50; 46.0%) low levels. sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative accuracy 73.9%, 63.0%, 63,0%, 73,9%, 68%, respectively. statistically significant metastatic (p=0.009). Conclusion: Serum may potential biomarker detect